For this week’s blog we are thrilled to post an excerpt from “Circles of Compassion.” The author, Christopher-Sebastian McJetters is a talented up-and-coming vegan writer who sheds light on a difficult and uncomfortable topic- the connection between human and animal slavery.
Slavery. It’s Still a Thing.
By Christopher-Sebastian McJetters
Hey, everyone. I’m a black guy! I know it’s probably obvious to some of you when you look at me. But some people don’t see race. So I have to make it clear. Otherwise, this fact will escape them entirely.
Very recently, I rounded up a group of people and asked them a simple question: “Why do we consume animals?” The responses were as simple and concise as the question itself:
“Because I like it.”
“They’re not like us.”
“We’re just superior.”
“We have higher intelligence.”
“It’s perfectly natural.”
“God put them here for us.”
“We’re more important.”
“They don’t feel pain the same way we do.”
“It’s just an animal.”
“They don’t reason or have complex emotions.”
“Because we can.”
“I NEED to.”
“I was raised on a farm. Nothing wrong with it. We’ve done it for generations.”
Okay, great! Second question then: “Why don’t we reinstitute slavery in the United States?”
SLAVERY?!
I always want to have a camera to record the expressions when I ask that question. Let’s think about it though. Are not all of these justifications the same ones that pre-Civil War Americans used to justify keeping African slaves?
Uh oh. Battle stations, everyone. I could almost see the mental wagons starting to circle. More than half of these people were Afro-American, and they were having none of my foolishness. Not even a little bit of it. But it wasn’t just the blacks. The white people in the group were looking uncomfortable too. The expression on their faces was priceless. Hoodwinked! I’d drawn these two disparate groups into a subject that dare not speak its name.
There was so much fidgeting in the room that I could no longer tell if we were having a discussion or if we had declared an impromptu interpretive dance.
This response is not uncommon. I’m used to it; American slavery is the elephant in the room. However, constructive dialogue is the only way we can ever heal systemic injustice. Ignoring it only serves to perpetuate the oppression. But this goes deeper than American slavery. It’s about the mindset that allowed American slavery to take root at all. At least everyone in the room could agree upon the fact that white folks should no longer be making black folks pick their cotton. Unfortunately, we seem to be perfectly comfortable with the captive breeding, torture, forced labor, and killing of others right now. But why?
If I were having this conversation 200 years ago with a white person about owning black people, I would be met with the same level of skepticism. Actually, no … this conversation would not have happened at all 200 years ago because I would be far too busy singing negro spirituals and shucking corn to articulate a position. But you get the picture. Why does one form of slavery get a pass, while we recognize the obvious violation of the other? And why do we get so doggone angry and uncomfortable when we identify these parallels?
Let’s take a moment to unpack some of our prejudices against others. Let’s look at some of the common visceral reactions experienced by people of color when discussing oppression. Let’s push past our current perceptions, and put ourselves in the place of the victims rather than the established system that advantages us.
How dare you compare black people and animals? Those two groups are nothing alike!
Allow me to make a point of clarification. Humans are animals. Whether or not you believe that we are conceived from a common ancestor with bonobos, we don’t exist outside of the animal kingdom. So it’s important to deconstruct the narrative that pits “us” against “them.” Also, let’s listen to the correct part of the conversation. This is not a comparison of human animals to non-human animals. This is a comparison of like systems of oppression. Whether talking about white humans and brown ones or horses and pigs, slavery is an abuse of power. That’s what we’re here to examine.
I wish you would stop saying slavery. It’s not the same thing.
Language is important. The very definition of slavery is the treatment of one group as property to be bought, sold, and forced into work by another group. If non-human animals are not slaves, are they then free? There are not many animals I know of that exist within human society who voluntarily engaged in this system. Cows do not clock in and clock out. They don’t go home to their families. They don’t have conversations in the lunchroom. And the only retirement package available to them at the end of their painful lives is a violent death when their usefulness to us has run out.
Of course, coming to terms with the sobering reality of slavery is probably the most difficult mental hurdle to overcome when having these discussions. Because if we are forced to acknowledge that slavery is wrong and that non-humans are slaves, then we have a moral obligation to talk about abolition. The repercussions for our economic structure and, indeed, our way of life could be devastating. But I imagine it wasn’t easy for pre-Civil War Americans either.
I’m not a bad person. Are you calling me a slave owner?
In America’s historic narrative, it’s easy to paint slave owners as villains, and abolitionists as heroes. But slave owners were not all bad people. Likewise, racists are not all bad people. Racism and slavery are constructs that make otherwise good people engage in really bad behavior. Unfortunately, we were all born into this construct that privileges some of us over others. The key is to unlearn the conditioning that teaches us that any form of oppression is okay.
But comparing black ancestors to pigs is insulting and degrading, and it trivializes the oppression they went through.
Say it with me now—a comparison between like systems of oppression is not a comparison between two species of animal. But even if we were comparing marginalized groups of humans and non-humans, why do we find that offensive? At the root, most of us are insulted because we feel like we’re better than another group based on physical distinctions. This is discrimination. When one group of humans does it to another group of humans, we call it racism. When humans do it to non-humans, this is called speciesism.
Any criteria we use to establish dominance over or to except another group is discriminatory. See, the yardstick used to measure differences between “us and them” is always going to start “us” off at one-and-a-half inches. And a house built with false measurements is destined to fall down. The very act of seeking to point out our differences in a society is a rigged system designed by its very nature to determine who is better. Throughout American history, blacks have always found themselves the victims of a hierarchy that inherently favors whites. To that end, non-humans throughout the whole of history have suffered the same fate, and still do today with no end in sight.
Well what black people have suffered is far worse.
This is all a matter of perspective, isn’t it? From the standpoint of the victim, one could argue that what is happening to non-humans is actually much worse. During the 18th and 19th centuries, approximately 12.5 million Africans were shipped to the New World. Nearly 10 billion land animals alone are killed each year to produce meat, dairy, and eggs. And that’s just in the United States. That number increases to 65 billion globally (or 6 million every hour)[1]. So strictly by numbers, non-humans have Africans beat. It could also be argued that since this exploitation existed prior to the African slave trade and still exists now, it’s an aggression that deserves strong consideration.
But where is the value in tallying up who has suffered the greater injustice? Why should we choose to take on the narrative that one group has been more deeply aggrieved than another? Establishing a hierarchy of oppression only serves to help the oppressor. The better narrative—the stronger narrative—is in choosing to seek freedom for everyone. Otherwise, we’re only fighting for the right to oppress someone else. Solidarity is the key to establishing equality. Division only perpetuates more tyranny.
This is all well and good, but consuming animals is a personal choice. You’re forcing your beliefs on me.
Again, this is a matter of perspective. We should take a sober look at the kind of aggressions that are being perpetrated against non-humans. Their exploitation is so complete that it’s nearly invisible. Yes, they are our food. But they are also our wool sweaters, our leather shoes, our shampoo, our streets, our electronics, and even our home décor. Can we honestly say that it is our personal choice to take away the agency and sovereignty of someone else while simultaneously saying that American slavery was wrong? If holding up a mirror to expose our complicity in structural inequality toward non-humans is forcing beliefs, then so too did abolitionists force their beliefs on Americans to end the exploitation of black people.
I’m scared.
So am I. It takes a lot of work to unlearn a lifetime of conditioning that privileges certain groups. It’s equally scary when black people have discussions with white people involving race. But even though it makes us uncomfortable, it’s necessary. When we can adequately understand the space occupied by both those who benefit from privilege and those who are oppressed by it, we build a bridge that can liberate us from such inequality altogether. That’s why slavery matters to all of us. Regardless of our racial background, everyone is complicit in this system of persecution against non-human animals. And until we are truly present to the impact of harming the most vulnerable among us, we won’t be able to deconstruct how to stop doing harm to one another.
So how did this exchange end with all these nervous people desperate to distance themselves from their participation in slavery? Same as it always does. We got angry. We got sad. We placed blame. And then something amazing happened. We took responsibility. Did all of these people walk away choosing instantly to let go of their speciesism? No. But every one of them is now more aware. And raising awareness is where it all begins.
Racism hasn’t entirely been eradicated either. Fortunately, far fewer people exercise that choice. So we have these conversations. And we don’t give up.
Longtime vegan and social justice advocate Christopher-Sebastian McJetters lives in New York City with his rescue dog Orion. A copyeditor by profession, Sebastian is currently a staff writer at Vegan Publishers. In his spare time, he organizes events and discussions relative to exploring the intersectionality of veganism and other movements for social justice including women, the LGBT community, and people of color. He also bakes vegan cookies that are guaranteed to end wars, lower taxes, save marriages, and raise consciousness.
Mr. McJetters honestly, your a beautiful person, I’m trying to live a vegetarian lifestyle and learn of veganism. I think race should play no part in veganism. I’m not black and definitely against any form of slavery. Sometimes I can’t clearly see all it’s forms and blacks are not the only group put into slavery.
I don’t now you and please don’t take this the wrong way, in your picture, if you smiled just a little and if your eyes were a little warmer, I think the vegan message would be received better. I sincerely think you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar. Also, do you know where I can buy Vegan clothes.
Sincerely,
Tom Lapsley {TL}
Nope. Two things here. First of all, I thought he delivered his message very gently, so I think all your criticism is moot. But you are saying some oppressive shit here. Don’t tell him how his message could be more palatable to white ears. POC people are always told to be more respectable, polite, non-emotional when talking about some oppressive shit. And don’t say race doesn’t matter when talking about veganism, because it does. Race always matters and to say otherwise is to erase someone’s identity and experience. (Race may not seem to matter to you if you are of the neutral race/white, but it sure as hell does to POC who face racism every day. And veganism is a very white movement – POC are often targeted in AR campaigns, and white faces and voices are almost always the ones being represented in the media/heading orgs. Need to change this.)
You’re missing the point here. When a Left fascist is coming up with an entitlements argument for pushing socialist product, he specifically intends to be confrontational – and will accept nothing less. The audience is being tested for the extent of their blind loyalty to doctrine. Left fascists don’t “win over” those who disagree – they identify and destroy them. That’s the objective.
Remember that this guy is trying to contrive a link between whipping cream and whipping slaves. This has nothing at all to do with winning people over, and has nothing to do with even the most rudimentary logic. He’s bragging about making the Leftist loyalists in the room fidget and squirm (and let’s be honest – few others are going to sit through such nonsense otherwise).
It’s a loyalty test. You’re lucky the Left fascists here are merely calling you “racist” and “oppressive” and other nasty names. People have been enslaved and butchered outright by Left fascists for much less.
Tom, your comments about McJetters’ looks among other things are extremely oppressive. The previous commenter addressed some of this, I just wanted to add another voice that isn’t ok with the racist nature of your comment.
Would you ask a white man to smile? I doubt it, it’s a serious topic afterall. It sickens me when how in advertising all the black men smile extra hard and look too holsum, kind and fun. It looks really stressful to be them. Often they will have short locks and light skin. Think Mcdonalds commercials. All to satisfy white supremecy’s fear of black males.
Agreed. And I thought the article was Brilliant. Sharing, widely.
As someone who has fought sexism, racism, and speciesism for years, I truly hope the world will open it’s eyes SOON
The irony is, Neil Degrasse Tyson did exactly this with Richard Dawkins. It seems that Dawkins is an especially aggressive anti-theist, and Dr Tyson was trying to get him to be less confrontational and insulting about it. Both of these men of science want to move away from religious faith and magical thinking, but have markedly different approaches.
I never considered the race angle at the time, but then I’m not a Left fascist or neo-Marxist. Guess you have to be sufficiently woke to be that racist. Thanks for the alternate viewpoint.
Slavery…..it should be reintroduced. Round up all the criminals much like they do to cattle.
I really fucking hope to god this comment was intended as an ironic criticism of an interview that tells white vegans the things they like to hear without actually calling them out on their own racism and their lack of solidarity with anti-racist struggles. i’m going to assume that’s how this was intended, because otherwise I’d have to assume you’re incredibly fucking racist.
Adam, the comment was most likely talking about everyone involved in the animal agriculture and animal exploitation industries, from breeding, to capturing wild animals for resale, to vivisection, to circuses and zoos, to “pet” breeding etc.
You sound like a real good social justice warrior. Your comment is the exact opposite of what this article discusses; that being, that all humans must put aside differences, (not deny them), and stop the massacre of non human animals happening every second of every day. Do not put YOUR white guilt onto others. Thanks a lot. I’m glad you can acknowledge YOUR racism, but don’t project that onto others.
I must admit I’m racist in one single respect; that I believe the Jews were chosen by God for a crucial mission to mankind. I’m a gentile who will never convert because there’s too much bullshit in mainstream Judaism, like the orthodoxy of other faiths. I’m wondering, why a person who happens to be black can’t advocate for animals without the issue of racism being engaged practically to the point of overshadowing the issue of compassion for animals. Every human who has suffered unjustly, as African Americans have, is a living or memorial illustration of why we should make compassion–for animals and humans of ANY color, our highest priority. Thank you for your post and your compassion for animals. I’m “Monica Martella” from Mariposa, CA on Facebook, grateful for anyone’s advocacy for the ultimate victims. Peace.
Christopher,
Have you ever emailed/contacted Julianne Malveaux? She really could do well reading your writing!
Thank you!
Wow! Interesting comment. I thought his message was incredibly honest, direct & kind with no hint if preaching or judging. . He didn’t need to smile to convince me.
I wish that I knew what in the world this person was talking about. What is this nonsense about winning more flies with honey (not vegan) than vinegar? How warm are you expected to be when discussing horrific crimes against nature? This person needs a trip to a slaughterhouse….
Excellent article!!
I find it extremely sad that humans have to constantly enslave something/someone in order to advance financially. That is the root of the problem. I would love a copy of your article/book to share with everyone I know.
Ditto Adrienne!
Welcome to socialism. Enslaving people through ideological nonsense, terrorism and brute force is what 20th century Leftist radical politics was all about.
Great article and tough conversation. Two things that really really stuck out for me while reading it are that, not only is the slavery of other species still going on, but the slavery of black folks is still going on, too. It is just wrapped differently. In The New Jim Crow, Michelle Alexander argues that the current American prison system is simply slavery in a different package. Yes, other races of people are included, but it disproportionately targets african american populations and people of color. So perhaps it’s important to note that it is not that one kind of slavery ended and another persisted, but that both have persisted and are connected in different ways?
Another article I really like is Jason Hribal’s “Animals are Part of the Working Class” http://media.wix.com/ugd/aa7929_2310e2b526246e07ac6bab4881828d41.pdf?dn=classanimals19th.pdf in which he discusses how the united states was built by both human slaves and nonhuman animals.
Happy to see a person of color highlighted talking about this stuff. I also encourage white folks not to assume that McJetters speaks for their entire race and continue to listen to various folks of color on the subject.
great comment
Thanks for this comment. A whole new direction to go out for information.
*stands and applauds*
Thank you for so eloquently and beautifully saying what I’ve been saying since watching Peaceable Kingdom and going vegan in 2004 – our global system of animal exploitation, abuse, cruelty and murder is, pure and simple, slavery.
This country outlawed slavery 149 years ago – isn’t it time our actions matched our words?
“This country outlawed slavery 149 years ago – isn’t it time our actions matched our words?”
It would be great if our actions matched our words. Check out the Google News on modern-day human slavery.
Excellent!! Perfectly articulated — you have a gift ❤️❤️❤️
Awesome and Outstanding, Christopher! Eloquence at its finest!
Nice job. This is one of the points that most influences me to practice vegan.
brilliant and necessary article. thank you.
relevant books –
The Dreaded Comparison – http://www.amazon.com/The-Dreaded-Comparison-Animal-Slavery/dp/0962449334
Eternal Treblinka – http://www.amazon.com/Eternal-Treblinka-Treatment-Animals-Holocaust/dp/1930051999/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1402641436&sr=1-1&keywords=eternal+treblinka
Bravo! Thank you.
great article! brought tears to my eyes. beautifully written.
[…] Vegan Publishers By Christopher-Sebastian […]
this is wonderful and a piece of synchronicity. I was just journaling to myself about the links in oppression and asking to myself why all our justice movements don’t partner rather than compete…and how we miss so much by leaving oppression of other living beings out of our analysis. I am looking for models for something like community councils where activists from different movements work together on this. the book is so timely. thanks very much!
So beautifully written! It’s as powerful as the Holocaust victims opposing animal captivity, because it removes any cries of bias. Thank you for writing this is and sharing it with the world. No doubt, many seeds of awareness have been planted.
Very interesting article. I’d just like to inject on the slavery issue. Just to let you know that there are 20 miles of slavery documentation dating from 1662. That the British Foreign Office is withholding from the public domain. These slavery documents will also include ex American colonies before the American War of independence. The displacement of African people in the Americas including the Caribbean was not consensual. Therefore the impacts of that brutal system can only be held with more information
If you are a UK Resident please sign and share this epetition. If you’re not pass it on to someone who is
http://epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/59654
Brilliant article, Mr. McJetters, and every word of it true.I am MORE than offended by some of the comments here, especially the one that tells you to smile more. I am vegan, came to it late in life, and I kick myself every day for all the hamburgers and bacon I’ve eaten before I “awakened.” I am a senior, heterosexual Caucasian male, and I cheer the life you live and the wonderful things you write..
Awesome. Beautiful. Inspirational. Thank you Christopher for making me proud that you are a member of the human race – the same race which feels no compunction generally in mistreating animals in almost every sphere of life – though of course we hurt them most by sticking them in cages, crates, and stifling factory barns. I just recently wrote about why we shouldn’t drink milk- inspired by. Eric of vegan.com who gave 4 simple answers – “Got cruelty? Got saturated fat? Got greenhouse gases? Got somatic cells? (a.k.a.pus)?” This same week I saw a picture of two national baseball players having a milking cow contest. I was horrified at seeing the cows’ huge udders. Having to carry those heavy “bags” around daily is in itself cruelty – plain and simple. I would love to see your article on oped.com.
Can I get your permission to have it printed there?
Love the article, I’ve been thinking a lot about food systems lately, and how we as humans can feed ourselves without being oppressive to other beings, including humans and other species. I agree that factory farming animals is slavery. Here’s where I’m stuck: agriculture is also a form of slavery, since annual plants are domesticated, and since agriculture requires massive clearing of wild plant and animal ecosystems from the land. The amount of grains produced thus represents artificially high level of food production, since it is inherently unsustainable. Do you think we (as humans) can all be fed, without eating any animals AND without agriculture? Or would we at least have to hunt, like all (most?) of our ancestors did?
Permaculture is sustainable agriculture. It creates food forests with all types of plants, animals, and trees supporting and perpetuating each other in balanced and harmoniously sustainable ways.
the funny thing about slavery…is that africans sold their own to Arabs, then Jews, and then to Whites. the First recognized Slave Owner in the 13 colonies was not a evil whitey. he was a Anthony Johnson, a former Angolan slave who gained his freedom, and then owned slaves. so congratulations Christopher-Sebastian McJetters, you people sold out your own people, and still complain about this to this day
Sorry anonymous but there is nothing funny whatsoever about slavery. Slavery is in fact a global problem crossing all races. However white supremicists were the first to create ‘race based slavery’ endorsed by Christianity, which has long lasting effects today on non-white people, who are still considered to be sub-human to this day.
Yeah let’s ignore a legacy of white supremacy and racism in this world in which people of color are systemically oppressed and treated like absolute shit because one time a black guy did something shitty and apparently white folks are powerless against this fact and just have to keep oppressing everyone…. If that’s all you’ve got anonymous, you fail. But I think we all knew that reading this comment of yours.
Really terrific, well written article. Thank you for this.
[…] Which is why I try to take my cues from Vegans of Color, Sistah Vegan, Christopher Sebastian McJetters and other people of color. As well as from food justice groups and groups like Vegans […]
Dear Christopher: I am REALLY GLAD you spoke at our PANVegan Program Saturday, and wrote this solid, clear, provocative, sadly too-needed article that has moved me!! As you did Saturday!
I just sent you a facebook “friend” request, although I have nearly nothing on facebook.
[…] is a well-known activist who is currently a staff writer at Vegan Publishers. He also organizes events and discussions relative to exploring the intersectionality of veganism […]
I find animal ownership offensive. I don’t sugar-coat animal ownership as something benign and compassionate, because there are damaging ecological consequences associated with our desire to possess–to the exclusion of all other lifeforms–primarily two species, the canine and the feline. And I really don’t care if you are further suppressing the identity of your preferred pets by feeding them a vegan-style diet. Now, because you are vegan, your dog will be vegan? Isn’t this oppression?
Well, perhaps we can covert all carnivores or eliminate them from the planet.
Owning animals is slavery.
[…] of Vegan Feminist Network and The Academic Abolitionist Vegan, Christopher-Sebastian McJetters of Vegan Publishers, and Will Tuttle, author of The World Peace […]
Thank you for such a wonderful article.
it is fair and honest, and I completely agree..
I find it powerful and especially because you are an African american. You were the voice to say this..
Wow! I stand with jaw dropped. This is one of the best essays I ever read regarding this issue. Concise, eloquent, reasonable, and gentle. I simply loved the last one, “I’m scared”.
Thank you very, very much. Thanks.
[…] the first meeting, Christopher McJetters shared why he sees veganism as more than a simple food or even lifestyle choice; for him […]
[…] appropriating the struggles of oppressed humans. And always keep in mind who has the power. A black person describing animal agriculture as slavery has a very different impact from a white person doing so, especially when addressing a black […]
I’m thrilled to read this–beautifully written and TRUE. Thank you! (And your picture is gorgeous just as it is, by the way….) I’m a poet, and one of my books explores animal issues (“Kind”) and includes this poem on the same theme as your article:
Factory Farms (II)
“Human beings see oppression vividly when they’re the victims. Otherwise they victimize blindly and without a thought.”
–Isaac Bashevis Singer
We herd lambs into the chute
like Jews herded into
gas like cattle herded
into Processing like Africans
herded onto ships like pigs herded
into factories like Armenians
herded into marches
like calves herded into marches
like Cherokee herded into
marches like pigs herded
like Sudanese herded
like cattle herded like Jews
Wonderful article and absolutely true!!!
Vegan is quite simply the only humane option!!!
Great article!! veganism is the future!!!!!!!
[…] Slavery: It’s Still a Thing by Christopher-Sebastian McJetters (Vegan Publishers) […]
An excellent article and had the privilege of attending Mr McJetters talk at Brighton Vegfest in February which was superb. An eloquent advocate for veganism. Inspirational.
Yeah. Slavery still exists. There are many children and humans that suffer in order to get vegans their food from every corner of the earth. Factory farms are a flawed system, just as veganism is. 100 years ago, we had to survive according to region, and at that point, there were almost NO cultures that survived on an exclusively vegan diet. Because it would be absolutely impossible. For example, Where I live, there are 7-8 month long winters with a 1-2 month growing season. You can preserve all you like, but you won’t be surviving on pickled beats and potatoes all on their own. If you live according to your region, you may find that you are forced to eat at the very least, animal products, like yogurt, cheese, eggs, etc. The problem with veganism is that it relies on a host of foods that are only available on a worldwide scale. Do you know how these foods are harvested? Take a wild guess. Only 5% of vegan foods on the shelf are labelled with the “Fair Trade” claim. That means you are surviving on HUMAN SLAVERY. Most foods come from 3rd world countries, where the farmers are paid significantly less than fair wages, are exposed to heavy amount of pesticides (organic or not, they are absolutely dangerous and pose a huge host of health risks) and the best one of all, is that they are likely to be children. So at one point you have to stop and ask yourself. Would I rather, survive off of an animal, who was farmed in a horrible factory setting, that was absolutely unhappy, and unhealthy, or should I eat food that a family had to work their fingers raw, that was taken away from them, and they were paid incredibly unfairly? Answer: neither. You should support your local farms. Eat grass as much plant based as you like, but trust me, in order to survive, you may have to go fishing, or small game hunting, if you don’t want to buy range farmed animal products. It is the only way you’ll survive ethically and sustainably. Sorry to bust your vegan bubble, but yes, slavery does still exist, in the form of animal slavery at the factories, and human slavery at the BIG AG farms that feed your pretentious vegan face. Eat local, and find out real quick how sustainable veganism really is in the long run. Cheers.
Hi Dean, yes there are local movements which are stock free ie no animal inputs, they use permaculture, forest farms. In the UK ideas which are being considered as an alternative to meat crops are hemp and fava beans for their protein content. Yes many land areas can only accommodate humans if they hunt, however most people live in cities and this trend will only increase, therefore industrial animal farming cannot be sustainable. Slowly those in power are realising that high resource using animal protein vs low resource using plant protein is the only viable way to feed >8m humans on this planet.
[…] Vegan Publishers staff writer Christopher-Sebastian McJetters […]
Great article, thank you and perfect for the talk Im going to tonight.
Claire L. Heuchan, University of Stirling
“Veganism and the Hierarchy of Race”
ill be quoting you a lot i think.
[…] Aph Ko and Syl Ko of Aphro-ism, and Christopher-Sebastian McJetters of Striving With Systems and Vegan Publishers, to name a […]
[…] https://veganpublishers.com/slavery-its-still-a-thing-christopher-sebastian-mcjetters/ […]
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